A reverse mortgage can be an appealing option for many seniors looking to supplement their income during retirement. This type of loan allows homeowners to borrow money against the equity in their home and receive payments, either as a lump sum, a line of credit, or as monthly payments. However, reverse mortgages are not without risks, and it’s important to fully understand how they work before making any decisions. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the ins and outs of reverse mortgages, including the pros and cons, eligibility requirements, and how to choose a reputable lender.
The goal of the first part of this guide is to offer information on the reverse mortgage product and potential uses for a reverse mortgage. The second details what NAOSA Reverse Mortgage Professionals advise to protect yourself.
A Reverse Mortgage is a loan that allows qualifying homeowners to convert a portion of the equity in their home into cash. A Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) loan, also known as a Reverse Mortgage, does not become due as long as the borrowers live in the home as their primary residence and continue to meet the obligations of the mortgage, including paying property taxes and insurance on the home.
A HECM loan is a mortgage insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). Loan proceeds can be used to pay medical bills, finance living expenses, in-home care, or any extra cash needed for unexpected expenses. Mortgage payments are not required to be paid out of pocket, instead, home equity is internally paying the mortgage over time. Unless payments are made, the mortgage balance will grow which will diminish available equity at the time of home sale. The loan becomes due, and payable when the last borrower leaves the home.
Borrowers must be 62 years of age or older, and own and reside in the property as their primary residence. Borrowers must continue to live in the home as their primary residence throughout the life of the loan. They must also meet with a HUD-certified Reverse Mortgage Counselor prior to applying for a Reverse Mortgage loan.
Additionally, the property must also meet certain eligibility requirements. The property must be a single-family home, a two – four unit owner-occupied house, a HUD-approved condominium, or a manufactured home that meets FHA requirements. With a HECM, the borrower is required to pay an initial Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP) of 2.0% of the property value up to the Max Claim Amount (whichever is less). The current max loan amount is $822,375 (January 2021). The insurance renewal amount is 0.5 percent charged annually on the outstanding balance of the loan. The borrower must also pay title insurance, state, and county recordation tax, and other closing costs, typically found in any mortgage transaction. In some cases, an origination fee may be charged. This is something to consider when comparing lenders.
When used correctly, a Reverse Mortgage can be a useful tool when planning for retirement income and can be a part of the larger retirement income planning conversation with your financial planner or other trusted financial advisor. As part of overall retirement income planning, a Reverse Mortgage can be a useful tool to address or resolve many of the Major Concerns of Income Planning, such as out-living your assets, maintaining your desired overall standard of living, having assets available during down markets if needed and having assets to assist with long term care expenses.
There are many places these loans can be obtained. NAOSA recommends finding a lender who is local, experienced, and specialized (only does Reverse Mortgages).
Homeowners should certainly speak to family members if they are accustomed to seeking input. This is especially true if the clients’ heirs are planning to inherit the home. Homeowners should also consult their financial planners if they have one. All Reverse Mortgages require by law that the client speaks to an independent, third-party HUD-certified Reverse Mortgage counselor before beginning the application.
Price is an important component, but be sure to work with an experienced competent advisor. Pricing for Reverse Mortgages should not be dramatically different from one lender to the next but always check. NAOSA recommends a local, experienced, and specialized lender. Stay away from companies that use high-pressure sales tactics. If you are feeling pressured, end all conversations immediately.
The program should fit and assist in solving the concerns mentioned earlier in this document. You should not be told to withdraw more funds upfront than you need, but encouraged to allow these funds to remain in the line of credit. Any lender who encourages you to take a large, unneeded cash withdrawal is not acting in your best interest.
Note: Items listed below as a NAOSA Gold Standard of Professional Practice™ are business practices required for NAOSA professional membership. For more details, please visit the NAOSA Consumer Guides page.
Experts advise all consumers to seek the guidance of a trusted professional, such as a financial planner or tax advisor, who is familiar with their financial situation and goals when considering a reverse mortgage. NAOSA members are committed to following this expert recommendation, ensuring that clients consult with a knowledgeable advisor. It may also be beneficial to involve a close relative or trusted friend in the decision-making process.
This crucial step helps ensure that consumers are not merely being sold a product, but that the reverse mortgage aligns with their overall financial plan. Any reputable reverse mortgage professional should welcome this recommendation as an opportunity to educate and collaborate with other professionals who serve older adults. If a professional objects to this step, NAOSA advises discontinuing any further engagement with that individual immediately.
You or your spouse must always remain on the title to your home (there are exceptions, such as if a house is part of a trust or part of a life estate). There are also provisions that allow a non-borrowing spouse to stay in the home. However, once the last borrower or nonborrowing spouse leaves the home, the loan is due. There are no prepayment penalties, and you can sell your home anytime. Should anyone state anything different, immediately cease speaking with that individual.
You should not be told to withdraw more funds up front than you need, but encouraged to allow these funds to remain in the line of credit. FHA has set maximum withdrawals to help protect borrowers. Even so, do not take a large, unneeded cash withdrawal. Any lender who encourages you to do so is not acting in your best interest.
Be sure the money you are taking out of the equity of your home is a must-have. Although a new kitchen would be nice, it's probably not a good use of your equity in your retirement years.
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NAOSA requires members to act in utmost good faith when working with clients. Members must agree to act in a fiduciary manner in a way that the member reasonably believes to be in the best interest of the client. In addition to compliance with all federal and state regulations, each professional member of the National Association of Senior Advocates must also follow and act in accordance with the NAOSA Consumer Guides published herein. Members who are found not in compliance with these standards will be censured, with membership subject to revocation.
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